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XEMU Setup Guide

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XEMU is an advanced original Xbox emulator that brings classic Xbox gaming to modern hardware. This emulator stands out for its accuracy in hardware emulation, active development community, and extensive compatibility with the original Xbox game library. Whether you're looking to revisit classic Xbox titles or experience them for the first time, this guide will walk you through every aspect of setting up and optimizing XEMU. Originally developed to preserve gaming history, XEMU has evolved into a robust emulation platform that supports a wide range of Xbox games with high compatibility and performance. This guide covers everything from basic setup to advanced optimization techniques.

Xemu Emulator Quick Setup

Quick guide to get up and running

  1. Download Xemu
    Get the latest version from XEMU official website
  2. Obtain Required Files
    MCPX Boot ROM, Xbox BIOS, and HDD Image
  3. Configure Emulator
    Point to required files in Machine → Settings
  4. Prepare Game Files
    Convert game ISOs to XISO format using extract-xiso
  5. Optimize Settings
    Set resolution scaling (3x recommended), enable shader caching
  6. Load Games
    Use Load Disc, select your XISO, then Reset
Key Tips
  • Set CPU to performance mode on your system for better emulation
  • Use COMPLEX 4627 BIOS for best compatibility
  • For non-USA games, modify the EEPROM region settings
  • Check the compatibility list before trying games
  • Join the Xemu Discord for troubleshooting help

1. Introduction

Everything you need to know about the Xemu emulator

Xemu is a free, open-source emulator for the original Microsoft Xbox console. It allows you to play Xbox games on Windows, macOS, and Linux systems. Xemu is a low-level, full-system emulator that focuses on stability, performance, and ease of use.

Latest Version: 0.8.74 (June 18, 2025)

2. System Requirements

Hardware and software needed for smooth emulation

Xemu is relatively resource-intensive since it's emulating the entire Xbox hardware system. Here are the recommended specifications:

  • Operating System: Windows 10/11, macOS, or Linux
  • Processor: Multi-core CPU (Intel i5/AMD Ryzen 5 or better)
  • Memory: 8GB RAM or more
  • Graphics: Dedicated GPU with OpenGL 4.5 support
  • Storage: SSD recommended for faster loading times
  • Controllers: Xbox controllers recommended, but most modern controllers work

3. Downloading Xemu

Get the latest version for your operating system

  1. Visit the official Xemu website at https://xemu.app
  2. Click "Download" and select the appropriate version for your operating system:
    • Download for Windows (x86_64)
    • Download for Windows (arm64)
    • Download for macOS
    • Download for Linux
  3. Once downloaded, extract the files to a dedicated folder

4. Required Files Setup

Essential system files needed for emulation

Xemu is a low-level emulator which means it requires actual Xbox system files to function. You'll need three essential files to run the emulator:

MCPX Boot ROM
  • File name: mcpx_1.0.bin
  • MD5 checksum: d49c52a4102f6df7bcf8d0617ac475ed
  • Note: A correct dump should start with 0x33 0xC0 and end with 0x02 0xEE.
Xbox BIOS

Due to unimplemented DRM functions, Xemu currently cannot boot games with an unmodified retail BIOS.

  • Recommended file: Complex_4627.bin (modified retail BIOS)
  • Users have reported the most success with the "COMPLEX 4627" BIOS
Xbox HDD Image

This contains the emulated hard drive that Xbox needs to store game saves and system files.

  • You can use a pre-built 8G Xbox HDD image with only a dummy dashboard
  • Format: QCOW2
  • Typical filename: xbox_hdd.qcow2
Important: Due to legal and copyright reasons, these files cannot be distributed with the emulator. You need to obtain them legally by dumping from your own Xbox console.

5. Game Preparation

Preparing and converting game files for compatibility

Compatible Game Formats

Xemu requires game discs to be in the form of XISO images. These generally have a .iso extension but are not the same as typical ISO images.

Converting Game Formats

There are several methods to prepare compatible game files:

For Redump ISOs:

Redump ISOs are accurate dumps of original discs but need processing before use with Xemu.

  1. You can use utilities like xdvdfs, dd, or use the webapp tool provided by Xemu
  2. After extraction/conversion, the resulting file can be used with Xemu
Using Extract-XISO:

Extract-XISO is a utility for creating, modifying, and extracting XISOs.


# Clone repository
git clone https://github.com/XboxDev/extract-xiso.git

# Build the tool
cd extract-xiso
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make

# Rewrite an ISO to XISO format
./extract-xiso -r ./game.iso
                                
Loading Games in Xemu
  1. Launch Xemu
  2. Go to "Load Disc"
  3. Navigate to the location of your prepared ISO
  4. Click "Reset" to start the game

6. Emulator Configuration

Optimizing settings for performance and compatibility

Basic Configuration
  1. Start Xemu
  2. Go to Machine → Settings
  3. Configure the paths to your required files:
    • MCPX ROM path
    • BIOS ROM path
    • HDD Image path
  4. Click Save
Advanced Configuration Options
TOML Configuration File

Xemu stores its configuration in a file named xemu.toml located in:

  • Windows: In the same directory as the executable or in %AppData%\xemu\xemu\
  • Linux: ~/.local/share/xemu/xemu/ or ~/.var/app/app.xemu.xemu/data/xemu/xemu/ (Flatpak)
  • macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/xemu/xemu/

You can manually edit this file with a text editor to fine-tune Xemu's behavior for advanced configuration.

Graphics Performance
GPU Selection

For systems with multiple GPUs:

  • Xemu automatically tries to use your high-performance discrete GPU
  • Windows: Configure GPU preference in Display settings → Graphics settings
  • You can verify which GPU is being used by checking the xemu.log file
Driver Optimizations
  • NVIDIA GPUs: Disable "Multi-threaded Optimizations" in NVIDIA Control Panel, as this feature has been known to negatively impact Xemu performance
  • Set Power Management Mode to "Prefer Maximum Performance"
  • Consider updating to the latest GPU drivers
CPU & System Performance
CPU Optimizations
  • Linux: Set CPU scaling governor to performance mode with:
    cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

    If you see "powersave" printed, switch to the performance profile with:

    echo performance | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
  • Windows: Set power plan to "High Performance" in Power Options
  • Close background applications to free up system resources
  • For laptops, ensure you're connected to AC power to prevent CPU throttling
Shader Caching

Enable "Cache shaders to disk" in Machine → Settings → General for improved performance on subsequent game launches.

EEPROM Configuration

The Xbox EEPROM contains console-specific settings that can impact game compatibility and features:

  • When first run, Xemu generates a default EEPROM configured for USA region
  • You can modify EEPROM settings using an external tool like XboxEepromEditor
  • Important EEPROM settings:
    • Region: Affects game compatibility (USA/PAL/Japan)
    • Video Mode: Controls output resolution (480p/720p/1080i)
    • Display: Standard 4:3 or Widescreen 16:9
    • Audio: Disable surround sound if audio issues occur
    • MAC Address: Important for networking (must be unique for multiplayer)
Command Line Arguments

Xemu supports various command line arguments for advanced users:

  • Launch games directly: xemu.exe path/to/game.iso
  • Specify alternate MCPX: --mcpx=path/to/mcpx.bin
  • Specify alternate BIOS: --bios=path/to/bios.bin
  • Specify alternate HDD: --hdd=path/to/hdd.qcow2
  • Additional QEMU arguments can be passed through for advanced configuration
Troubleshooting Configuration Issues
  • If settings don't persist, check file permissions on Xemu's configuration directory
  • If Xemu crashes on startup, try renaming/removing xemu.toml to reset settings
  • Check xemu.log file for detailed error messages and debugging information
  • For portable installations, keep all configuration files in the same directory as the executable
Display Settings

Configure display options to improve the gaming experience:

  • Go to View → Scaling Mode
    • Choose between Stretch, Scale (Maintain aspect ratio), or Scale (Widescreen 16:9)
  • Go to View → Int. Resolution Scale
    • Higher values (3x-6x) give better visual quality but may impact performance
Additional Settings
  • Audio: Adjust volume and audio quality under Machine → Settings → Audio
  • Performance: Enable "Cache shaders to disk" for better performance

7. Controller Setup

Configuring gamepads and keyboard controls

Xemu has excellent controller support thanks to SDL2:

Controller Configuration

Built with SDL2, Xemu supports virtually all gamepads and allows you to connect up to 4 controllers simultaneously.

  1. Go to Machine → Input
  2. A configuration window will appear
  3. Connect your controller(s) before starting Xemu
  4. If your controller supports XInput, the emulator will automatically map it
Note: Hot-plugging (connecting controllers after Xemu starts) works on Windows and Linux but is broken on macOS
Keyboard Controls

If you don't have a controller, you can use your keyboard:

  • WASD: Left analog stick
  • Arrow keys: Right analog stick
  • 1, 2, 3, 4: Face buttons (A, B, X, Y)
  • 5, 6: Black and White buttons
  • Enter: Start
  • Backspace: Back

8. Enhancing Graphics

Improving visual quality with resolution scaling

Xemu offers several options to improve visual quality:

Resolution Scaling

Increasing the rendering scale makes games look less pixelated and much clearer:

  1. Go to View → Int. Resolution Scale
  2. For most systems, a scale of 3x-4x provides great visuals without excessive performance requirements
  3. High-end systems can use scales up to 10x
Widescreen Support

You can enable widescreen mode:

  1. Change the setting in your dashboard or use the EEPROM editor to enable widescreen
  2. Select 'Scale (Widescreen 16:9)' in Xemu's View scaling mode
  3. Note that not all games support widescreen
Fullscreen Mode
  • Go to View → Fullscreen
  • Or press CTRL+Alt+F on your keyboard

9. Networking and Multiplayer

Setting up system link and multiplayer options

Xemu supports networking, allowing multiplayer through system link:

Basic Network Setup
  1. Go to Machine → Network
  2. Enable networking and choose a network mode
Network Modes
Bridged Adapter
  • Bridges the emulated network device to one of your computer's network interfaces
  • Allows connecting to real Xboxes on the same network
  • Works with tunneling services
UDP Tunnel
  • Encapsulates network traffic in UDP datagrams
  • Useful for quickly setting up a virtual LAN
  • The Xemu project provides free servers you can use to play with other Xemu users
User Mode
  • Runs a full TCP/IP stack within Xemu with NAT
  • Allows port forwarding to the virtual Xbox
  • Useful for connecting to the virtual Xbox's FTP server
Multiplayer Setup

When setting up multiplayer:

  1. Ensure all MAC addresses are unique
  2. Ensure all players have the same version of the game
  3. Configure appropriate network settings based on your setup
Warning: Game saves may be tied to the HDD key, so create a backup before deleting the EEPROM.

10. Troubleshooting

Common issues and their solutions

Common Issues and Fixes
Game Won't Boot / "Please Insert Valid Disc" Error
  • Your ISO may not be dumped in a compatible way
  • Try using extract-xiso to repackage your ISO
  • Ensure your game format is correct (XISO format)
  • For non-USA region games with auto-generated EEPROM, modify the EEPROM using a tool like XboxEepromEditor
Performance Issues
  • Ensure your system is using a Performance power profile
  • If using a laptop, connect the AC adapter to prevent throttling
  • Close background processes that might consume system resources
  • For NVIDIA GPUs, disable "Multi-threaded Optimizations" in the NVIDIA Control Panel
  • Lower the resolution scale if performance is poor
Network Connection Issues
  • If using Bridged Adapter on Linux and getting permission errors: sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip 'which xemu'
  • Ensure firewalls aren't blocking connections
  • If a bind address error occurs, change the port number and try again, or exit and relaunch Xemu
Help Resources: Join the official Xemu Discord community for additional troubleshooting help.

11. Additional Tips

Advanced features and helpful recommendations

Saving and Loading States

Xemu supports save states, allowing you to save your progress at any point:

  • Create a save state: Machine → Save State → Slot 1-10
  • Load a save state: Machine → Load State → Slot 1-10
EEPROM Configuration

The auto-generated EEPROM has some limitations:

  • It's configured for USA region
  • It may cause "Please insert a valid Xbox disc" errors for non-USA titles
  • You can modify it with XboxEepromEditor to change settings like region, language, etc.
Game Compatibility

Not all Xbox games work perfectly on Xemu:

  • Check the compatibility list on the Xemu website before trying a game
  • Games may be marked as "Broken," "Starts," or "Intro" (crashes after intro)
  • The compatibility improves with each update
Keeping Xemu Updated

Xemu receives regular updates that improve compatibility and performance:

  1. The emulator will notify you when a new update is available
  2. Click "Update" to get the latest version
Game Saves Management

Game saves are stored on the emulated hard drive:

  • Saves are located on the E: partition of the virtual HDD
  • You can access saves via FTP connection to Xemu
  • Save files are generally tied to the console EEPROM, so changing EEPROM may affect saves
  • Consider backing up your saves before modifying system settings
Advanced Troubleshooting

For persistent issues, try these advanced troubleshooting steps:

  • Check Xemu's log file for detailed error messages
  • Try different BIOS versions if available
  • Verify game ISO integrity and re-convert if necessary
  • Join the Xemu Discord community for specific game troubleshooting
  • Consider trying older Xemu versions for problematic games

XEMU Technical Requirements Snapshot

Required Files, MCPX Boot ROM Image, Flash ROM Image (BIOS), XISOs.

Required Files

Xemu is a low level, full-system emulator which emulates the actual hardware of the Xbox; this means that in order to actually run xemu, you must have a copy of the stuff that a real Xbox needs when it turns on:

  • MCPX Boot ROM Image
  • Flash ROM Image (BIOS)
  • Hard Disk Image

MCPX Boot ROM Image

MD5 (mcpx_1.0.bin) = d49c52a4102f6df7bcf8d0617ac475ed

If your MCPX dump has an MD5 of 196a5f59a13382c185636e691d6c323d, you dumped it badly and it's a couple of bytes off. It should start with 0x33 0xC0 and end with 0x02 0xEE.

Flash ROM Image (BIOS)

Xbox compatible BIOS. Due to key DRM functions being unimplemented, xemu is currently unable to boot games when using an unmodified retail BIOS. You must use either a debug BIOS or a modded retail BIOS that can boot unsigned software.

People have reported most success using the modified retail "COMPLEX 4627" BIOS.

Hard Disk Image

You can use a pre-built 8G Xbox HDD image, free of any copyrighted content, and only containing a dummy dashboard.

Hard Disk Image

Creating XISOs

There are multiple tools available that can both create and extract XISO images.

xdvdfs Web

The recommended tool for creating and extracting XISO images is xdvdfs. This tool can run entirely within your web browser.

Open xdvdfs
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